Geomagnetic Field and Atmospheric Oxygen: A 540-Million-Year Correlation

New research reveals a strong, previously unknown correlation between Earth’s geomagnetic field strength and atmospheric oxygen levels over the past 540 million years. Both parameters exhibit parallel increases, with a notable spike between 330 and 220 million years ago.

The study utilized two independent datasets: paleomagnetic data from ancient rocks reflecting geomagnetic field strength, and sedimentary records indicating atmospheric oxygen levels (e.g., charcoal abundance). A strong positive correlation was observed between these datasets.

Three potential explanations are proposed: (1) The geomagnetic field protects the atmosphere from space weather, preventing oxygen loss. (2) Atmospheric oxygen levels influence the geodynamo through plate tectonic processes and mantle chemistry. (3) A third, yet unidentified geophysical or geochemical process drives both parameters simultaneously. The researchers lean towards the first hypothesis, citing the better-understood origin of the geomagnetic field in the Earth’s core.

Supercontinent formation (e.g., Pangaea) is suggested as a possible candidate for the unknown factor, but data limitations currently restrict conclusive evidence. Further research focusing on interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of diverse geophysical and geochemical datasets is crucial to unraveling this complex relationship.

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